1976 Memoires van uit Essentho 62A Hawk
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papafreddy - Lid geworden op: 04 nov 2006, 21:05
- Locatie: ardooie
Ziehier mijn belevenissen op:
Donderdag 16-12-1976
Laatst verlof in den Belgique.
Vandaag terug voor het laatst met de D.V.T naar Essentho.
Daniel Douwe zat ook op de D.V.T.
MVGr.
PapaFreddy
Donderdag 16-12-1976
Laatst verlof in den Belgique.
Vandaag terug voor het laatst met de D.V.T naar Essentho.
Daniel Douwe zat ook op de D.V.T.
MVGr.
PapaFreddy
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papafreddy - Lid geworden op: 04 nov 2006, 21:05
- Locatie: ardooie
Ziehier mijn belevenissen op:
Vrijdag 17-12-1976
Vandaag van ploeg, normaal was dat niet zo, maar ik heb omgewisseld wegens speciale redenen.
Wat betreft die ploeg van vandaag, normaal was ik toekomende dinsdag van ploeg maar het kan gebeuren dat ik dan ga afzwaaien, dus voorzorgen nemen nietwaar.
MVGr.
PapaFreddy
Vrijdag 17-12-1976
Vandaag van ploeg, normaal was dat niet zo, maar ik heb omgewisseld wegens speciale redenen.
Wat betreft die ploeg van vandaag, normaal was ik toekomende dinsdag van ploeg maar het kan gebeuren dat ik dan ga afzwaaien, dus voorzorgen nemen nietwaar.
MVGr.
PapaFreddy
Laatst gewijzigd door papafreddy op 18 dec 2008, 22:27, 1 keer totaal gewijzigd.
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papafreddy - Lid geworden op: 04 nov 2006, 21:05
- Locatie: ardooie
Ziehier mijn belevenissen op:
Zaterdag 18-12-1976
Vandaag vrij van dienst, anders niks veel zaaks.
Wachten op de afzwaai!!!!!
MVGr.
PapaFreddy
Zaterdag 18-12-1976
Vandaag vrij van dienst, anders niks veel zaaks.
Wachten op de afzwaai!!!!!
MVGr.
PapaFreddy
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papafreddy - Lid geworden op: 04 nov 2006, 21:05
- Locatie: ardooie
Ziehier mijn belevenissen op:
Zondag 19-12-1976
Vandaag dan van wacht te Essentho.
Wat problemen gehad om de Bar BV te sluiten.
Wel last gehad met bepaalde kerels, het waren natuurlijk BV’s, enfin.
Het is ook opgelost geraakt!
MVGr.
PapaFreddy
Zondag 19-12-1976
Vandaag dan van wacht te Essentho.
Wat problemen gehad om de Bar BV te sluiten.
Wel last gehad met bepaalde kerels, het waren natuurlijk BV’s, enfin.
Het is ook opgelost geraakt!
MVGr.
PapaFreddy
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papafreddy - Lid geworden op: 04 nov 2006, 21:05
- Locatie: ardooie
Ziehier mijn belevenissen op:
Maandag 20-12-1976
Het is nu 1Hr15 in de nacht, eens rustig om naar mijn vriendin nog eens te pennen en hopelijk zal het ook de laatste maal zijn.
Het voornaamste dat nu prangend is feitelijk onze afzwaaidatum. De miliciens zwaaien dinsdagavond 22-12-1976 af.
Nu is het zo, dat ze voor de KRO’s niks weten wanneer deze afzwaaien. Er moest nog een nota toe komen en we wachten daar nog op!
Dus in feite zwaaien we af op datum van de 25december, maar normaal gezien zal dat toch de 21ste of de 22ste savonds zijn hé.
Dus in feite kan ik niet zeggen, wanneer ik naar huis kom, dus afwachten!
Hoe ik zal afzwaaien, dat weet ik ook niet?
Ofwel is het met de wagen van Luc Vanneste ofwel met de trein.
Afwachten zoals de duiven nietwaar.
Nu als ik dan de 22ste of de 23ste niet thuis kom is het omdat we moeten blijven tot de 25ste en dan zouden mijn ouders wel achter mij moeten komen tot in Essentho!
Enfin, het beste hopen hé en voor 90% wordt het wel de 21ste of de 22ste savonds.
Nog wat poëzie:
De liefde heeft zij nooit gevonden.
want ieder keer liep het mis.
en diep in haar hart is een wonde
die lang nog niet genezen is.
al is zij alleen in het leven
toch is haar bestaan niet meer leeg
want nu heeft er iemand haar eindelijk lief
al is het dan ook maar per brief.
Hier een brief afsluiter, indertijd via Milac te verkrijgen.
MVGr.
PapaFreddy
Maandag 20-12-1976
Het is nu 1Hr15 in de nacht, eens rustig om naar mijn vriendin nog eens te pennen en hopelijk zal het ook de laatste maal zijn.
Het voornaamste dat nu prangend is feitelijk onze afzwaaidatum. De miliciens zwaaien dinsdagavond 22-12-1976 af.
Nu is het zo, dat ze voor de KRO’s niks weten wanneer deze afzwaaien. Er moest nog een nota toe komen en we wachten daar nog op!
Dus in feite zwaaien we af op datum van de 25december, maar normaal gezien zal dat toch de 21ste of de 22ste savonds zijn hé.
Dus in feite kan ik niet zeggen, wanneer ik naar huis kom, dus afwachten!
Hoe ik zal afzwaaien, dat weet ik ook niet?
Ofwel is het met de wagen van Luc Vanneste ofwel met de trein.
Afwachten zoals de duiven nietwaar.
Nu als ik dan de 22ste of de 23ste niet thuis kom is het omdat we moeten blijven tot de 25ste en dan zouden mijn ouders wel achter mij moeten komen tot in Essentho!
Enfin, het beste hopen hé en voor 90% wordt het wel de 21ste of de 22ste savonds.
Nog wat poëzie:
De liefde heeft zij nooit gevonden.
want ieder keer liep het mis.
en diep in haar hart is een wonde
die lang nog niet genezen is.
al is zij alleen in het leven
toch is haar bestaan niet meer leeg
want nu heeft er iemand haar eindelijk lief
al is het dan ook maar per brief.
Hier een brief afsluiter, indertijd via Milac te verkrijgen.
MVGr.
PapaFreddy
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papafreddy - Lid geworden op: 04 nov 2006, 21:05
- Locatie: ardooie
Ziehier mijn belevenissen op:
Dinsdag 21-12-1976
Deze avond hebben we eens goed de bloempjes buiten gezet. We moesten ons eens kunnen afreageren met de volledig verkeerde situatie.
MVGr.
PapaFreddy
Dinsdag 21-12-1976
Deze avond hebben we eens goed de bloempjes buiten gezet. We moesten ons eens kunnen afreageren met de volledig verkeerde situatie.
MVGr.
PapaFreddy
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papafreddy - Lid geworden op: 04 nov 2006, 21:05
- Locatie: ardooie
Ziehier mijn belevenissen op:
Woensdag 22-12-1976
In feite weten we nog altijd niet wanneer we afzwaaien dus kan het gebeuren dat ik morgen thuis ben of overmorgen zelfs of het kan ook de 31ste december zijn.
Wij vonden het enorm fijn hoor, we stonden hier dan onder zo’n stress.
Dus je kunt me elke dag thuis verwachtende zijn, maar wanneer juist dat weet ik ook niet?
MVGr.
PapaFreddy
Woensdag 22-12-1976
In feite weten we nog altijd niet wanneer we afzwaaien dus kan het gebeuren dat ik morgen thuis ben of overmorgen zelfs of het kan ook de 31ste december zijn.
Wij vonden het enorm fijn hoor, we stonden hier dan onder zo’n stress.
Dus je kunt me elke dag thuis verwachtende zijn, maar wanneer juist dat weet ik ook niet?
MVGr.
PapaFreddy
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papafreddy - Lid geworden op: 04 nov 2006, 21:05
- Locatie: ardooie
Ziehier mijn belevenissen op:
Donderdag 23-12-1976
Wanneer we afgezwaaid zijn weet ik niet meer zo juist, ik denk dat het deze dag was.
Maar op mijn papieren staat een datum van 28 december 1976.
Het kan zijn dat het die dag ook was of dat men de papieren afgestempeld hebben met een datum in de toekomst!
De herinneringen over deze periode is nogal vaag!
Want ik herinner me dat we kerst avond weg zijn geweest, gaan uit eten met de vriendin.
Om de afzwaai te vieren en met de vriendin het burger leven in te zetten, want we hebben elkaar niet gekend als burger.
Had haar leren kennen toen ik al militair was te Lombardsijde.
En we leefden lang en gelukkig en kregen vele kinderen (4).
Waaronder een dessert kindje.
MVGr.
PapaFreddy
Donderdag 23-12-1976
Wanneer we afgezwaaid zijn weet ik niet meer zo juist, ik denk dat het deze dag was.
Maar op mijn papieren staat een datum van 28 december 1976.
Het kan zijn dat het die dag ook was of dat men de papieren afgestempeld hebben met een datum in de toekomst!
De herinneringen over deze periode is nogal vaag!
Want ik herinner me dat we kerst avond weg zijn geweest, gaan uit eten met de vriendin.
Om de afzwaai te vieren en met de vriendin het burger leven in te zetten, want we hebben elkaar niet gekend als burger.
Had haar leren kennen toen ik al militair was te Lombardsijde.
En we leefden lang en gelukkig en kregen vele kinderen (4).
Waaronder een dessert kindje.
MVGr.
PapaFreddy
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Genieterke - Lid geworden op: 15 nov 2002, 01:36
- Locatie: Maasmechelen
Met dank voor je volharding om je dagboek hier neer te pennen.
Wij hebben met je meegeleefd in deze periode.
Het zou mooi zijn mochten we een samenvatting van deze periode vernemen, gezien vanuit je (luie) zetel met de ogen van 2008/2009.
Het Genieterke
Wij hebben met je meegeleefd in deze periode.
Het zou mooi zijn mochten we een samenvatting van deze periode vernemen, gezien vanuit je (luie) zetel met de ogen van 2008/2009.
Het Genieterke
ESTE NIX PAX CHRISTE NIX !
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papafreddy - Lid geworden op: 04 nov 2006, 21:05
- Locatie: ardooie
Dag GenieterkeGenieterke schreef:Met dank voor je volharding om je dagboek hier neer te pennen.
Wij hebben met je meegeleefd in deze periode.
Het zou mooi zijn mochten we een samenvatting van deze periode vernemen, gezien vanuit je (luie) zetel met de ogen van 2008/2009.
Het Genieterke
Bedankt voor de pos. reactie.
Tja wat ik nu over die periode denk, ik kort maar bondig, had ik die leeftijd van toen dan deed ik het opnieuw maar als einde op een andere manier!
Ik bedoel achteraf heb ik er spijt van dat ik daar niet gebleven ben!
Ik bedoel eerst als TO en dan mits slagen examens overgaan naar BO.
Maar juist in dat jaar 1976 waren de voorwaarden om over te gaan naar BO enorm vermoeilijkt in het bijzonder voor ons vlamingen, je moest zeker slagen in een taal examen met een groot verschil in moeilijkheids graad, en het is geen verzinsel, heb het vernomen via franstalige vlamingen die tot mijn vriendenkring behoren.
Vandaar was ik niet zeker, anders na 10 jaar sta je terug op straat en dan hé, werk vinden maar toen had ik voor de legerdienst juist werk.
Ik had een collega die er wel 5 jaar bij is gebleven en toen het leger heeft moeten verlaten wegens het niet slagen, heb hem dit jaar terug tegengekomen in Lombardsijde dit na 32 jaar. Hij herkende me direct wat ik van hem niet kon zeggen.
Maar ja zoals nu alles verloopt en alles weggaat naar het oosten zit ik ook al 5 jaar thuis zonder werk!!!
Hadden we een glazen bol, dan deden we het toch anders, als je het niet probeerd weet je niet of je zal slagen, wie niet waagt, niet wint!!!
Tja gedane zaken maken geen omgekeer hé.
Het feit was ook dat mijn verloofde toen, niet zo militair minend was vanuit haar beroep als verpleegkunde.
Vandaar heb ik zo niet verder gedaan in de Res. examen als Kapt.
Door familiale omstandigheden kon ik niet mee doen aan die opleiding, door ploegwerk, wat ik ook jammer vond.
Misschien als we slaagden en verder promotie maakten, waren we nu nog in de run voor de res en waren we ingeschakeld in buitenlandse missies.
Maar ja....
Zo dat was het een beetje
MVGr
PapaFreddy
PS: ik zal nog wel wat doc plaatsen van toen of andere info, ik heb zelf een zoon die in de KMS opleiding heeft gekregen, oa les van Frank Dewinne!!!!
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Tarzan
@Papa Freddy
Niet stoppen met je belevenissen !
Anders heb ik niets meer te lezen hier !
Niet stoppen met je belevenissen !
Anders heb ik niets meer te lezen hier !
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papafreddy - Lid geworden op: 04 nov 2006, 21:05
- Locatie: ardooie
Hallo hier ben ik nog eens terug!!
Vrees niet, ik zal nog artikels zetten in dit item oa indentificatie van vliegtuigen.
Maar eerst vooral ben ik op zoek naar de tandarts Jean die in Essentho was in 1976. In de maand september of oktober is die gehuwd en is gemuteerd naar Belgie met name naar Militair Ziekenhuis te Oostende.
Hij geeft me nog geschreven toen, ik heb hem terug geschreven maar ik kreeg jammerlijk genoeg mijn brief terug. Zo zijn we elkaar uit het oog verloren, misschien via deze weg. Het probleem is ook zijn familie naam, daar ben ik niet zeker van of het juist is!
Hij was de eerste tandarts waar ik indertijd naar toe ging, die mij gerust kon stellen en alles op een manier deed die vooruitstrevend was voor die tijd.
MVGr.
PapaFreddy
Vrees niet, ik zal nog artikels zetten in dit item oa indentificatie van vliegtuigen.
Maar eerst vooral ben ik op zoek naar de tandarts Jean die in Essentho was in 1976. In de maand september of oktober is die gehuwd en is gemuteerd naar Belgie met name naar Militair Ziekenhuis te Oostende.
Hij geeft me nog geschreven toen, ik heb hem terug geschreven maar ik kreeg jammerlijk genoeg mijn brief terug. Zo zijn we elkaar uit het oog verloren, misschien via deze weg. Het probleem is ook zijn familie naam, daar ben ik niet zeker van of het juist is!
Hij was de eerste tandarts waar ik indertijd naar toe ging, die mij gerust kon stellen en alles op een manier deed die vooruitstrevend was voor die tijd.
MVGr.
PapaFreddy
Laatst gewijzigd door papafreddy op 29 jan 2009, 22:45, 1 keer totaal gewijzigd.
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papafreddy - Lid geworden op: 04 nov 2006, 21:05
- Locatie: ardooie
Hoera!!!!!!!!papafreddy schreef:Maar eerst vooral ben ik op zoek naar de tandarts Jean die in Essentho was in 1976.
MVGr.
PapaFreddy
Ik heb na 33 jaar mijn vriend Jean terug gevonden.
En via hem ook een andere collega namelijk Daniel
MVGr.
PapaFreddy
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papafreddy - Lid geworden op: 04 nov 2006, 21:05
- Locatie: ardooie
Meer uitleg over het Hawk system, met dank aan Maurice voor de link
THE HAWK SYSTEM
Type: Medium-range, ground-based, solid-propellant, theatre defence missile.
Development:
Development of the MIM-23 HAWK (Homing All the Way Killer) SAM system commenced in 1953. A year later the US Army awarded a full-scale development contract to Raytheon for the missile and Northrop (now Northrop Grumman) to provide the launcher and ground equipment. The first test firing took place in June 1956 with the development phase completed in July 1957. Initial Operational Capability (IOC) of the basic HAWK, MIM-23A, took place in 1960 when the first US Army battalion was activated. In the same year, a NATO Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed between Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands and USA for co-production of the system in Europe. In addition, special grant aid arrangements were made to deliver European built systems to Denmark, Greece and Spain. In order to counter advanced threats, especially at low altitude, in 1964 the US Army initiated a modernisation programme known as the HAWK/HIP (HAWK Improvement Programme). This involved a number of changes to the basic system and the updating of the missile to the Improved-HAWK, MIM-23B configuration with a larger warhead, an improved small guidance package and a higher performance motor. US Army and Marine Corps HAWK battalions were subsequently retrofitted to the I-HAWK standard by 1978 and successive missile improvements have been designated MIM-23C/D/E/F/G/H/J/K/L/M. In 1974 an enlarged NATO consortium (including Denmark and Greece) awarded Raytheon a contract for co-production of I-HAWK components in Europe. In 1977 the USA started a second modernisation programme under the designation HAWK-PIP (Product Improvement Plan). This involved three phases: the PIP Phase 1 being fielded by the US forces in 1979 and including an Improved CW Acquisition Radar (ICWAR) AN/MPQ-55 transmitter to double the output power and increase detection range; the addition of digital Moving Target Indication (MTI) to the Improved Pulse Acquisition Radar (IPAR) AN/MPQ-50; and the inclusion of Army Tactical Data Link (ATDL) communications within the system. The Phase 2 upgrade modifications were approved for production in 1983 and these improved the reliability of the Improved High Powered Illumination (IHPI) AN/MPQ-46 radar by replacing valve circuitry with modern solid-state technology. A Tracking Adjunct System (TAS) optical tracking system was added for operation in an ECM environment to the HPI, the Battery Control Centre (BCC) and the Platoon Command Post (PCP). Germany, Netherlands and Norway have modified their HAWK systems with an alternative IR acquisition and tracking system known as the HAWK Electro-Optical Sensor (HEOS) in place of the TAS. The HEOS operates in the 8 to 11 µm band and is used to supplement or to take the place of the HPI to acquire and track targets before missile launch. The Phase 3 upgrade programme, which started development in 1983 and entered production for the US armed forces in 1989, was successfully demonstrated against a simulated tactical ballistic missile target in April 1988. The engagement was initiated by a Patriot tracking radar AN/MPQ-53 and then transferred to the HAWK HPI radar. The Range-Only-Radar (ROR) AN/MPQ-51 and Information Coordination Centre (ICC) have been deleted from the system and the BCC replaced by a Battery Command Post (BCP). Major electronic modifications, which include the addition of distributed microcomputers and improved computer software, were made to the BCP, PCP, CWAR and HPI. However, the major system operational change made by Phase 3 is the addition of a single-screen scan target detection capability and a Low Altitude Simultaneous HAWK Engagement (LASHE) system to the AN/MPQ-61 HPI, by employing a fan beam antenna to provide a wide-angle, low-altitude illumination pattern to allow multiple engagements against saturation raids. A HAWK mobility survivability enhancement programme has been developed following experience in the 1990-91 Gulf War. The aim of this programme has been to reduce the number of vehicles per battery and to increase survivability. Upgrades to the launcher allow missiles to be transported on the launcher itself, as well as replacing electronics with digital equipments. A north finding system speeds orientation and launcher alignment. A field wire replaces heavy cables and allows for greater dispersion amongst battery vehicles. Further work was authorised in 1993 to modify the HAWK launcher and interfaces to enable other missiles, such as the RIM-7 Sea Sparrow, MIM-120 AMRAAM or PAC-3 to be launched from the HAWK system in future years. A Phase 4 upgrade programme was planned to include: a high mobility continuous wave acquisition radar to improve detection of small UAVs; a new engagement radar; ARM decoys; an improved missile motor; an upgraded electro-optical tracker; improved command and control; and ATBM upgrades. The ATBM upgrades were applied to US Marine Corps HAWK systems and will provide modifications to the radars to look upwards and changes to the missile warhead and fuse assemblies to handle faster target velocities. Trials carried out in 1991 used an AN/TPS-59 tactical long-range surveillance radar for initial tracking of ballistic missile targets, to demonstrate linking this radar to HAWK. This programme has continued with successful intercept trials in 1994 and 1996. The AN/TPS-59 radars provide an increased range (475 km) and increased altitude coverage (150 km) against tactical ballistic missiles. The AN/TPS-59 upgrade for the US Marine Corps will also include a communications interface with outside systems, the Air Defence Communications Platform (ADCP), with a JTIDS datalink terminal. Two further developments were made between 1992 and 1996; these are known as the Missile ECM Improvement (MEI) and the Improved Lethality Modification (ILM). Norway has developed its own HAWK upgrade scheme known as the Norwegian Adapted HAWK (NOAH) which involves the lease of I-HAWK launchers, HPI radars and missile loaders from the USA and their integration with Hughes (now Raytheon) Kongsberg Acquisition Radar and Control Systems. The NOAH system became operational in 1983. Future developments were expected to include the introduction of an Agile CW Acquisition Radar (ACWAR), which is an evolution of the HAWK CW radar technology. It would perform full 3-D target acquisition over a 360º azimuth sector and large elevation angles. The ACWAR programme was initiated to meet increasingly severe tactical air defence requirements and the equipment is being designed for operation of HAWK in the late 1990s and beyond. However, the ACWAR programme was terminated in 1993. In 1996 Hughes, Raytheon and Kongsberg announced a US/Norwegian agreement to jointly market a HAWK-AMRAAM system, with the capability to launch up to eight MIM-120 AMRAAM missiles from a modified HAWK launcher. This new system uses the AN/MPQ-64 surveillance radar, the AN/MPQ-46 HPI radar and a Fire Detection Centre connecting to the HAWK command and control system. The HAWK-AMRAAM system can operate with mixed launchers, carrying either three HAWK missiles or eight AMRAAM. This proposal is aimed particularly at HAWK operating countries that also have AIM-120 AMRAAM in their inventory. The Iranian Air Force is reported to have modified a number of MIM-23 HAWK missiles for carriage on F-14 Tomcat fighters in the air-to-air role. Iran has also modified its ground-based HAWK systems for carriage on a convoy of 8×8 wheeled vehicles and adapted the launchers to carry Standard RIM-66 or AGM-78 missiles with two Standard missiles per launcher.
Description :
The HAWK missile has a slender cylindrical body and four long cord clipped delta-wings, extending from mid-body to the slightly tapered boat-tail. Each wing has a trailing-edge control surface. The MIM-23A is 5.08 m long, has a body diameter of 0.37 m, a wing span of 1.21 m and weighs 584 kg at launch with a 45 kg HE blast/fragmentation warhead. It has a minimum engagement range of 2 km, a maximum range of 25 km, a minimum engagement altitude of 60 m and a maximum engagement altitude of 11,000 m. The MIM-23B to M versions are 5.03 m long, have a body diameter of 0.37 m and, with a larger warhead of 54 kg, weigh 638 kg at launch. An improved motor, with a total weight of 395 kg including 295 kg of propellant, increases the maximum range of the MIM-23B to M versions to 35 km and maximum engagement altitude to 18,000 m. The minimum range is reduced to 1.5 km. The MIM-23 B has a peak velocity of around 500 m/sec. Both warheads are fitted with a radio frequency proximity fuse and with impact fuses. All versions of the missile are propelled by dual-thrust solid-propellant motors. The guidance system uses an X-band CW monopulse semi-active radar seeker. The standard Phase 2 MIM-23 I-HAWK battery includes: an HQ with an AN/MPQ-50 pulse/acquisition radar; an AN/MPQ-48 CW acquisition radar; an AN/MPW-51 Range-Only-Radar; an AN/MWS-11 Improved Command Post (ICP); an AN/TWS Battery Control Centre (BCC); and two firing platoons each with an AN/MPQ-46 tracking/illuminating engagement radar and three M192 triple missile launchers. The AN/MPQ-50 Pulse Acquisition Radar (PAR) operates in the C-band and is the primary source of high- to medium-altitude aircraft detection for the battery. The antenna is a 6.7 × 1.4 m elliptical reflector of open lattice construction, mounted on a small two-wheeled trailer. The radar incorporates a Digital Moving Target Indicator (DMTI) to provide sensitive target detection in high clutter areas. The PAR also includes several ECCM features and uses off-the-air tuning of the transmitter. The AN/MPQ-55 Improved CW Acquisition Radar (ICWAR) was introduced by the Phase 1 improvements for aircraft detection at the lowest flyable altitudes in the presence of heavy clutter. During operations the ICWAR and PAR are synchronised in azimuth for ease of target correlation. Other features include FM ranging and BITE. FM is applied on alternate scans of the ICWAR to obtain range information. The AN/MPQ-51 Range-Only-Radar (ROR) is a K-band pulse radar that provides quick response range measurement when other radars are denied range data by enemy countermeasures. The ROR reduces its vulnerability to jamming by transmitting only when designated. The ROR is no longer used in the Phase 3 system. The early AN/MPQ-46 High Power Illuminator (HPI) radars had only the two large dish-type antennas side by side, one to transmit and one to receive. The HPI automatically acquires and tracks designated targets in azimuth, elevation and range. It also serves as an interface unit supplying azimuth and elevation launch angles computed by the Automatic Data Processor (ADP) in the Information Coordination Centre (ICC) for up to three launchers. The HPI J-band energy reflected off the target is also received by the HAWK missile. These returns are compared with the missile reference signal being transmitted directly to the missile by the HPI. Target track is continued throughout missile flight and after intercept, HPI Doppler data is used for kill evaluation. The HPI receives target designations from one or both surveillance radars via the Battery Control Centre (BCC) and automatically searches a given sector for a rapid target lock on. The HPI incorporates ECCM and BITE. Phase 2 HPIs had an optical tracking system added for operation in an ECM environment. This device, called the Tracking Adjunct System (TAS), was positioned on top and between the two radar dishes. The major operational change brought about by Phase 3 to the AN/MPQ-61 HPI is the addition of a single-scan target detection capability and a Low Altitude Simultaneous HAWK Engagement (LASHE) system. This is achieved by employing a fan beam antenna to provide a wide-angle, low-altitude illumination pattern to allow multiple engagements against saturation raids. This antenna is rectangular. The Israelis have upgraded the Phase 2 standard with the addition of a Super Eye electro-optical TV system for detection of aircraft at 30 to 40 km and identification at 17 to 25 km. They have also modified their system for engagements at altitudes up to 24,000 m.
Hier een beetje uitleg over het Hawk systeem, voor de Non Believers of de mensen die twijfelden aan de accuraatheid van het systeem. Voor de Thomassen onder ons.
Operational Status :
The basic MIM-23A HAWK entered service in 1960 and the MIM-23B I-HAWK in 1973. I-HAWK remains in service with the following countries: Bahrain, Belgium, Denmark, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, South Korea, Kuwait, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, United Arab Emirates and USA. It is reported that ex-US Army National Guard HAWK systems will be sold to Indonesia. Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands and USA have implemented Phase 1 and Phase 2 improvements. Many of the other countries are following suit. The Phase 3 upgrade programme is in production for Egypt, Greece, Israel, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan and the US Marine Corps. A study started in 1996 to upgrade Italian HAWK missiles to the Phase 3 standard. In the early 1980s Israel upgraded its HAWK systems in order to maintain their viability against an increasing threat. This system was used in August 1982 to shoot down a Syrian Air Force MiG-25R Foxbat-B photo-reconnaissance aircraft flying at M2.5 on a high level 21,000 m plus sortie near Jounié, north of Beirut. HAWK missiles defending Kuwait against the Iraqi invasion in August 1990 are reported to have shot down seven aircraft and one helicopter with 12 missiles launched. A US trial firing of two modified HAWK missiles against a short-range ballistic missile was successfully completed in June 1991, using a Patriot AN/MPQ-53 radar feeding data to the HAWK battery via a secure digital datalink. Between 1988 and 1997 there have been 13 tests made firing one or two HAWK missiles against MGM-52 Lance short-range ballistic missile targets, with nine rated as successful intercepts. A modification programme was started by the US Marine Corps in 1992 to improve the performance of AN/TPS-59 radars to enable them to acquire and track tactical ballistic missiles to act as early warning sensors for HAWK batteries transferring target data using a JTIDS link. In 1994 HAWK missiles successfully intercepted two short-range ballistic missile targets, having been cued by an AN/TPS-59 radar at White Sands Missile Range. A test was also successful against a tactical ballistic missile and two low flying cruise missile targets, with simultaneous engagements. These trials also demonstrated the remote engagement section capability, with a launcher and HPI radar located several kilometres forward of the battery command post. It is reported that the US Marine Corps has 1,000 missiles with the MIM-23K ATBM capability and 11 modified AN/TPS-59 radars.
Specifications :
MIM-23B Length: 5.03 m Body diameter: 0.37 m
Launch weight: 638 kg Warhead: 54 kg HE blast/fragmentation
Guidance: Semi-active radar Propulsion: Solid propellant
Range: 35 km
Associated radars :
Surveillance radars:
AN/MPQ-50 (IPAR) Frequency: 500-1,000 MHz (C-band)
Peak power: 1 kW Range: 100 km
AN/MPQ-55 (ICWAR) Frequency: 10-20 GHz (J-band)
Peak power: 400 W Range: 70 km
AN/TPS-50 Frequency: 1.2-1.4 MHz (D-band)
Peak power: 46 kW Range: 475 km
Engagement radar: AN/MPQ-46 (HPI) Frequency: 10-20 GHz (J-band)
Peak power: n/k Range: 40 km
Contractor: Raytheon Defense Systems , Bedford, Massachusetts, USA.
Ik vond het systeem goed in elkaar zitten, deftig gemaakt.
Daar ik zelf technicus ben, hielp ik soms bij de reparatie.
Ik kom uit de industrie en heb in het jaar 2000 zaken gezien van machines die in de USA in elkaar waren geflensd, onze Europese automatisering stond daar tegen over zeker 15 jaar voor!!
Zijn de ruimte tuigen ook op zo'n manier gemaakt, dan is het telkens een wonder dat ze na een missie terug keren uit de ruimte
MVGr.
PapaFreddy
THE HAWK SYSTEM
Type: Medium-range, ground-based, solid-propellant, theatre defence missile.
Development:
Development of the MIM-23 HAWK (Homing All the Way Killer) SAM system commenced in 1953. A year later the US Army awarded a full-scale development contract to Raytheon for the missile and Northrop (now Northrop Grumman) to provide the launcher and ground equipment. The first test firing took place in June 1956 with the development phase completed in July 1957. Initial Operational Capability (IOC) of the basic HAWK, MIM-23A, took place in 1960 when the first US Army battalion was activated. In the same year, a NATO Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed between Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands and USA for co-production of the system in Europe. In addition, special grant aid arrangements were made to deliver European built systems to Denmark, Greece and Spain. In order to counter advanced threats, especially at low altitude, in 1964 the US Army initiated a modernisation programme known as the HAWK/HIP (HAWK Improvement Programme). This involved a number of changes to the basic system and the updating of the missile to the Improved-HAWK, MIM-23B configuration with a larger warhead, an improved small guidance package and a higher performance motor. US Army and Marine Corps HAWK battalions were subsequently retrofitted to the I-HAWK standard by 1978 and successive missile improvements have been designated MIM-23C/D/E/F/G/H/J/K/L/M. In 1974 an enlarged NATO consortium (including Denmark and Greece) awarded Raytheon a contract for co-production of I-HAWK components in Europe. In 1977 the USA started a second modernisation programme under the designation HAWK-PIP (Product Improvement Plan). This involved three phases: the PIP Phase 1 being fielded by the US forces in 1979 and including an Improved CW Acquisition Radar (ICWAR) AN/MPQ-55 transmitter to double the output power and increase detection range; the addition of digital Moving Target Indication (MTI) to the Improved Pulse Acquisition Radar (IPAR) AN/MPQ-50; and the inclusion of Army Tactical Data Link (ATDL) communications within the system. The Phase 2 upgrade modifications were approved for production in 1983 and these improved the reliability of the Improved High Powered Illumination (IHPI) AN/MPQ-46 radar by replacing valve circuitry with modern solid-state technology. A Tracking Adjunct System (TAS) optical tracking system was added for operation in an ECM environment to the HPI, the Battery Control Centre (BCC) and the Platoon Command Post (PCP). Germany, Netherlands and Norway have modified their HAWK systems with an alternative IR acquisition and tracking system known as the HAWK Electro-Optical Sensor (HEOS) in place of the TAS. The HEOS operates in the 8 to 11 µm band and is used to supplement or to take the place of the HPI to acquire and track targets before missile launch. The Phase 3 upgrade programme, which started development in 1983 and entered production for the US armed forces in 1989, was successfully demonstrated against a simulated tactical ballistic missile target in April 1988. The engagement was initiated by a Patriot tracking radar AN/MPQ-53 and then transferred to the HAWK HPI radar. The Range-Only-Radar (ROR) AN/MPQ-51 and Information Coordination Centre (ICC) have been deleted from the system and the BCC replaced by a Battery Command Post (BCP). Major electronic modifications, which include the addition of distributed microcomputers and improved computer software, were made to the BCP, PCP, CWAR and HPI. However, the major system operational change made by Phase 3 is the addition of a single-screen scan target detection capability and a Low Altitude Simultaneous HAWK Engagement (LASHE) system to the AN/MPQ-61 HPI, by employing a fan beam antenna to provide a wide-angle, low-altitude illumination pattern to allow multiple engagements against saturation raids. A HAWK mobility survivability enhancement programme has been developed following experience in the 1990-91 Gulf War. The aim of this programme has been to reduce the number of vehicles per battery and to increase survivability. Upgrades to the launcher allow missiles to be transported on the launcher itself, as well as replacing electronics with digital equipments. A north finding system speeds orientation and launcher alignment. A field wire replaces heavy cables and allows for greater dispersion amongst battery vehicles. Further work was authorised in 1993 to modify the HAWK launcher and interfaces to enable other missiles, such as the RIM-7 Sea Sparrow, MIM-120 AMRAAM or PAC-3 to be launched from the HAWK system in future years. A Phase 4 upgrade programme was planned to include: a high mobility continuous wave acquisition radar to improve detection of small UAVs; a new engagement radar; ARM decoys; an improved missile motor; an upgraded electro-optical tracker; improved command and control; and ATBM upgrades. The ATBM upgrades were applied to US Marine Corps HAWK systems and will provide modifications to the radars to look upwards and changes to the missile warhead and fuse assemblies to handle faster target velocities. Trials carried out in 1991 used an AN/TPS-59 tactical long-range surveillance radar for initial tracking of ballistic missile targets, to demonstrate linking this radar to HAWK. This programme has continued with successful intercept trials in 1994 and 1996. The AN/TPS-59 radars provide an increased range (475 km) and increased altitude coverage (150 km) against tactical ballistic missiles. The AN/TPS-59 upgrade for the US Marine Corps will also include a communications interface with outside systems, the Air Defence Communications Platform (ADCP), with a JTIDS datalink terminal. Two further developments were made between 1992 and 1996; these are known as the Missile ECM Improvement (MEI) and the Improved Lethality Modification (ILM). Norway has developed its own HAWK upgrade scheme known as the Norwegian Adapted HAWK (NOAH) which involves the lease of I-HAWK launchers, HPI radars and missile loaders from the USA and their integration with Hughes (now Raytheon) Kongsberg Acquisition Radar and Control Systems. The NOAH system became operational in 1983. Future developments were expected to include the introduction of an Agile CW Acquisition Radar (ACWAR), which is an evolution of the HAWK CW radar technology. It would perform full 3-D target acquisition over a 360º azimuth sector and large elevation angles. The ACWAR programme was initiated to meet increasingly severe tactical air defence requirements and the equipment is being designed for operation of HAWK in the late 1990s and beyond. However, the ACWAR programme was terminated in 1993. In 1996 Hughes, Raytheon and Kongsberg announced a US/Norwegian agreement to jointly market a HAWK-AMRAAM system, with the capability to launch up to eight MIM-120 AMRAAM missiles from a modified HAWK launcher. This new system uses the AN/MPQ-64 surveillance radar, the AN/MPQ-46 HPI radar and a Fire Detection Centre connecting to the HAWK command and control system. The HAWK-AMRAAM system can operate with mixed launchers, carrying either three HAWK missiles or eight AMRAAM. This proposal is aimed particularly at HAWK operating countries that also have AIM-120 AMRAAM in their inventory. The Iranian Air Force is reported to have modified a number of MIM-23 HAWK missiles for carriage on F-14 Tomcat fighters in the air-to-air role. Iran has also modified its ground-based HAWK systems for carriage on a convoy of 8×8 wheeled vehicles and adapted the launchers to carry Standard RIM-66 or AGM-78 missiles with two Standard missiles per launcher.
Description :
The HAWK missile has a slender cylindrical body and four long cord clipped delta-wings, extending from mid-body to the slightly tapered boat-tail. Each wing has a trailing-edge control surface. The MIM-23A is 5.08 m long, has a body diameter of 0.37 m, a wing span of 1.21 m and weighs 584 kg at launch with a 45 kg HE blast/fragmentation warhead. It has a minimum engagement range of 2 km, a maximum range of 25 km, a minimum engagement altitude of 60 m and a maximum engagement altitude of 11,000 m. The MIM-23B to M versions are 5.03 m long, have a body diameter of 0.37 m and, with a larger warhead of 54 kg, weigh 638 kg at launch. An improved motor, with a total weight of 395 kg including 295 kg of propellant, increases the maximum range of the MIM-23B to M versions to 35 km and maximum engagement altitude to 18,000 m. The minimum range is reduced to 1.5 km. The MIM-23 B has a peak velocity of around 500 m/sec. Both warheads are fitted with a radio frequency proximity fuse and with impact fuses. All versions of the missile are propelled by dual-thrust solid-propellant motors. The guidance system uses an X-band CW monopulse semi-active radar seeker. The standard Phase 2 MIM-23 I-HAWK battery includes: an HQ with an AN/MPQ-50 pulse/acquisition radar; an AN/MPQ-48 CW acquisition radar; an AN/MPW-51 Range-Only-Radar; an AN/MWS-11 Improved Command Post (ICP); an AN/TWS Battery Control Centre (BCC); and two firing platoons each with an AN/MPQ-46 tracking/illuminating engagement radar and three M192 triple missile launchers. The AN/MPQ-50 Pulse Acquisition Radar (PAR) operates in the C-band and is the primary source of high- to medium-altitude aircraft detection for the battery. The antenna is a 6.7 × 1.4 m elliptical reflector of open lattice construction, mounted on a small two-wheeled trailer. The radar incorporates a Digital Moving Target Indicator (DMTI) to provide sensitive target detection in high clutter areas. The PAR also includes several ECCM features and uses off-the-air tuning of the transmitter. The AN/MPQ-55 Improved CW Acquisition Radar (ICWAR) was introduced by the Phase 1 improvements for aircraft detection at the lowest flyable altitudes in the presence of heavy clutter. During operations the ICWAR and PAR are synchronised in azimuth for ease of target correlation. Other features include FM ranging and BITE. FM is applied on alternate scans of the ICWAR to obtain range information. The AN/MPQ-51 Range-Only-Radar (ROR) is a K-band pulse radar that provides quick response range measurement when other radars are denied range data by enemy countermeasures. The ROR reduces its vulnerability to jamming by transmitting only when designated. The ROR is no longer used in the Phase 3 system. The early AN/MPQ-46 High Power Illuminator (HPI) radars had only the two large dish-type antennas side by side, one to transmit and one to receive. The HPI automatically acquires and tracks designated targets in azimuth, elevation and range. It also serves as an interface unit supplying azimuth and elevation launch angles computed by the Automatic Data Processor (ADP) in the Information Coordination Centre (ICC) for up to three launchers. The HPI J-band energy reflected off the target is also received by the HAWK missile. These returns are compared with the missile reference signal being transmitted directly to the missile by the HPI. Target track is continued throughout missile flight and after intercept, HPI Doppler data is used for kill evaluation. The HPI receives target designations from one or both surveillance radars via the Battery Control Centre (BCC) and automatically searches a given sector for a rapid target lock on. The HPI incorporates ECCM and BITE. Phase 2 HPIs had an optical tracking system added for operation in an ECM environment. This device, called the Tracking Adjunct System (TAS), was positioned on top and between the two radar dishes. The major operational change brought about by Phase 3 to the AN/MPQ-61 HPI is the addition of a single-scan target detection capability and a Low Altitude Simultaneous HAWK Engagement (LASHE) system. This is achieved by employing a fan beam antenna to provide a wide-angle, low-altitude illumination pattern to allow multiple engagements against saturation raids. This antenna is rectangular. The Israelis have upgraded the Phase 2 standard with the addition of a Super Eye electro-optical TV system for detection of aircraft at 30 to 40 km and identification at 17 to 25 km. They have also modified their system for engagements at altitudes up to 24,000 m.
Hier een beetje uitleg over het Hawk systeem, voor de Non Believers of de mensen die twijfelden aan de accuraatheid van het systeem. Voor de Thomassen onder ons.
Operational Status :
The basic MIM-23A HAWK entered service in 1960 and the MIM-23B I-HAWK in 1973. I-HAWK remains in service with the following countries: Bahrain, Belgium, Denmark, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, South Korea, Kuwait, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, United Arab Emirates and USA. It is reported that ex-US Army National Guard HAWK systems will be sold to Indonesia. Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands and USA have implemented Phase 1 and Phase 2 improvements. Many of the other countries are following suit. The Phase 3 upgrade programme is in production for Egypt, Greece, Israel, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan and the US Marine Corps. A study started in 1996 to upgrade Italian HAWK missiles to the Phase 3 standard. In the early 1980s Israel upgraded its HAWK systems in order to maintain their viability against an increasing threat. This system was used in August 1982 to shoot down a Syrian Air Force MiG-25R Foxbat-B photo-reconnaissance aircraft flying at M2.5 on a high level 21,000 m plus sortie near Jounié, north of Beirut. HAWK missiles defending Kuwait against the Iraqi invasion in August 1990 are reported to have shot down seven aircraft and one helicopter with 12 missiles launched. A US trial firing of two modified HAWK missiles against a short-range ballistic missile was successfully completed in June 1991, using a Patriot AN/MPQ-53 radar feeding data to the HAWK battery via a secure digital datalink. Between 1988 and 1997 there have been 13 tests made firing one or two HAWK missiles against MGM-52 Lance short-range ballistic missile targets, with nine rated as successful intercepts. A modification programme was started by the US Marine Corps in 1992 to improve the performance of AN/TPS-59 radars to enable them to acquire and track tactical ballistic missiles to act as early warning sensors for HAWK batteries transferring target data using a JTIDS link. In 1994 HAWK missiles successfully intercepted two short-range ballistic missile targets, having been cued by an AN/TPS-59 radar at White Sands Missile Range. A test was also successful against a tactical ballistic missile and two low flying cruise missile targets, with simultaneous engagements. These trials also demonstrated the remote engagement section capability, with a launcher and HPI radar located several kilometres forward of the battery command post. It is reported that the US Marine Corps has 1,000 missiles with the MIM-23K ATBM capability and 11 modified AN/TPS-59 radars.
Specifications :
MIM-23B Length: 5.03 m Body diameter: 0.37 m
Launch weight: 638 kg Warhead: 54 kg HE blast/fragmentation
Guidance: Semi-active radar Propulsion: Solid propellant
Range: 35 km
Associated radars :
Surveillance radars:
AN/MPQ-50 (IPAR) Frequency: 500-1,000 MHz (C-band)
Peak power: 1 kW Range: 100 km
AN/MPQ-55 (ICWAR) Frequency: 10-20 GHz (J-band)
Peak power: 400 W Range: 70 km
AN/TPS-50 Frequency: 1.2-1.4 MHz (D-band)
Peak power: 46 kW Range: 475 km
Engagement radar: AN/MPQ-46 (HPI) Frequency: 10-20 GHz (J-band)
Peak power: n/k Range: 40 km
Contractor: Raytheon Defense Systems , Bedford, Massachusetts, USA.
Ik vond het systeem goed in elkaar zitten, deftig gemaakt.
Daar ik zelf technicus ben, hielp ik soms bij de reparatie.
Ik kom uit de industrie en heb in het jaar 2000 zaken gezien van machines die in de USA in elkaar waren geflensd, onze Europese automatisering stond daar tegen over zeker 15 jaar voor!!
Zijn de ruimte tuigen ook op zo'n manier gemaakt, dan is het telkens een wonder dat ze na een missie terug keren uit de ruimte
MVGr.
PapaFreddy
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guidosan - Lid geworden op: 23 mar 2006, 11:08
- Locatie: Nieuwpoort
Het Kwartier Lombardsijde heeft een vriendenkring opgericht. Al diegene die in het verleden ook maar iets te maken hebben gehad met dit kwartier, zij het als milicien of als actieve, alsook iedereen die in een luchtdoelartillerie eenheid hebben gediend zijn welkom in deze vriendenkring. Surf eens naar volgende website http://www.vklaql.be/
en neem een kijkje in deze uitstekend uitgewerkte site. U kunt er ook alle inlichtingen in terug vinden. Ik kreeg reeds verschillende vragen van geintresseerde personen maar verwijs iedereen hiermme naar het juist contact adres.
Groetjes en misschien tot weerzien op een van onze bijeenkomsten.
Guido
en neem een kijkje in deze uitstekend uitgewerkte site. U kunt er ook alle inlichtingen in terug vinden. Ik kreeg reeds verschillende vragen van geintresseerde personen maar verwijs iedereen hiermme naar het juist contact adres.
Groetjes en misschien tot weerzien op een van onze bijeenkomsten.
Guido
Een prettige dag gewenst